从溺谷湾到三角洲:现代珠江三角洲形成演变研究辨析     

吴超羽  韦惺 《海洋学报》2021,43(1):1-26

现代珠江三角洲经历了从溺谷湾到三角洲的形成演变,富有区域特色。本文提出百余年来珠江三角洲的研究可归纳为4种范式:历史描述、实地考察?学术推理、器测?学科理论和“动力?沉积?地貌”跨尺度范式,各以范例说明。基于笔者及其团队研究,对现有文献关于珠江三角洲形成演变若干重要观点提出不同意见并从多视角作必要辨析,包括:海侵盛期以来千年尺度三角洲岸线位置变化,现代珠江三角洲形成演变的模式和三角洲干流河段形成过程与机理。最后对三角洲研究中的多学科、跨尺度和时空量化做了简要讨论。  相似文献   

4种壳色蛤仔TYR基因的表达特性研究     

姜力文  聂鸿涛  李东东  霍忠明  李妹妍  闫喜武 《海洋科学》2017,41(11):1-7

为了解色素控制基因与壳色的关系,本实验用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)技术分析了酪氨酸酶基因(Tyrosinase,TYR)在菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)4种壳色蛤仔和7种组织中的表达特性。结果表明,酪氨酸酶基因在鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌、性腺、内脏团、水管和唇瓣中均有表达,其中外套膜中表达量较高,其次为鳃,在闭壳肌中表达量最少。不同的酪氨酸酶基因在4种壳色的表达量不同,酪氨酸酶基因TYR2、TYR3、TYR6和TYR9在白斑马蛤中表达量居高,且与斑马蛤和白蛤差异显著(P0.05)。TYR2、TYR6和TYR10在橙蛤中表达量最高,推测与橙色形成有关。TYR11在斑马蛤中表达量最高,且与白蛤和白斑马蛤差异显著(P0.05),推测与背景色形成有关。系统发育分析结果表明,TYR3与马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)同源性最高为64%。TYR10与加州双斑蛸(Octopus bimaculoides)同源性最高,为53%。与长牡蛎进化关系最近。  相似文献   

The Current Status,Problems and Prospects of Researches on the Carrying Capacities of Ecological Environment in China     

LI Jianlong  LU Xiaofei  ZHANG Jingjing  MOU Linyun  ZHEN Lin  XU Zengrang  ZHOU Weihong 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(6):605-613

Determining the carrying capacity of ecological resources is the key to finding contradictions between human activities and the environment, as well as the links between economic growth, environmental protection and social development. In recent years, the carrying capacity of the ecological environment has been extensively studied at home and abroad. Through extensive literature research and analysis, this paper discusses the current status and main problems of recent research on the carrying capacity of the ecological environment in China. For example, two of the main problems are that: 1) the concepts and connotations are not clear enough, and 2) the research content is not systematic enough. This is followed by a summary of the evaluation index system and main calculation methods. Finally, according to the research status and development trends at home and abroad, the possible direction for the development of this research field in the future is proposed.  相似文献   

Revisiting the palaeoenvironmental and climatic history of the Cherangani Hills using fungal spores     

Vicky Chelangat Cheruiyot  Daniel Gebregiorgis  Benjamin Opiyo  Lawrence Morara Kiage 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(6):737-742

Fungi are highly sensitive to environmental and climatic changes. Palaeoecological reconstructions utilising tropical African fungal spores, however, are rare and patchy. Here, we show that fossil fungal spores preserved in core KAP-01 from the Cherangani Hills in Kenya tracks critical environmental changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), largely synchronous with observations in the pollen record from the same site. Consistent with the pollen record, the presence of fungal taxa in the record, albeit meagre, during the LGM point to an intermittent wetter Cherangani that allowed for the presence of the observed taxa and the prevalence of cool, dry conditions during the last deglaciation. The elevated fungal spore activity during the Late Holocene is evidence for warm, moist environmental conditions and broadly consistent with the pollen record. These different fungal spore taxa, which can be employed to track distinct environmental conditions and processes, provide a dimension that can be overlooked if the reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment were to rely solely on pollen. Thus the fungal spore record enables us to affirm the interpretation of the prevalence of warm, moist conditions evident from such as the Holocene pollen record.  相似文献   

Lateglacial/early Holocene palaeoenvironments in the southern North Sea Basin: new data from the Dudgeon offshore wind farm          下载免费PDF全文

Alex Brown  John Russell  Rob Scaife  Louise Tizzard  John Whittaker  Sarah F. Wyles 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(6):597-610

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地震相技术在煤层气勘探中的应用     

祁雪梅  董守华 《物探与化探》2012,(2):170-173,179

在分析了采用地震相技术预测煤层气含量可行性的基础上,首先利用无监督向量量化网络对研究区地震资料进行了地震波形划分,然后在钻孔实测煤层气含量值的指导下,依赖地震波形特征反演与煤层气含量有关综合特征,完成了使用地震相分布图对勘探区煤层气含量的预测。预测结果与实测值相符,具有较高的预测分辨率,从而证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。  相似文献   

Quantitative assessment of vegetation cover and soil degradation factors within terrain units for planning,monitoring and assessment of renaturation along oil and gas pipelines     

Emil Bayramov  Manfred Buchroithner  Eileen McGurty 《国际地球制图》2013,28(7):535-555

This paper evaluates the renaturation activities applying the quantification of vegetation cover (VC), the site suitability analysis (SSA) based on the predefined criteria (slope steepness category (SSC), soil erodibility factor (K) and VC) and soil erosion model (SEM) results within the terrain units (TUs) along pipeline rights-of-way (RoW). Quantification of VC percentage is performed to assess the overall restored VC from 2005 to 2007. The results of the quantitative analysis in 2007 show that the total area of restored VC is 10.7 km², and 8.9 km² still needs to be restored to comply with the environmental acceptance criteria. As a result of SSA, TUs were prioritized by erosion vulnerability and this allowed to better understand the landscape behaviour in regards to erosion processes. SEM provided more detailed predictions of erosion classes falling into TUs. SEM identified 40% of erosion sites occurred from 2005 to 2010.  相似文献   

Digital Terrain Modeling and Industrial Surface Metrology: Converging Realms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Richard J. Pike 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):263-274

Digital terrain modeling has a micro- and nanoscale counterpart in surface metrology, the numerical characterization of industrial surfaces. Instrumentation in semiconductor manufacturing and other high-technology fields can now contour surface irregularities down to the atomic scale. Surface metrology has been revolutionized by its ability to manipulate square-grid height matrices that are analogous to the digital elevation models (DEMs) used in physical geography. Because the shaping of industrial surfaces is a spatial process, the same concepts of analytical cartography that represent ground-surface form in geography evolved independently in metrology. The surface topography of manufactured components, exemplified here by automobile-engine cylinders, is routinely modeled by variogram analysis, relief shading, and most other techniques of parameterization and visualization familiar to geography. This article introduces industrial surface-metrology, examines the field in the context of terrain modeling and geomorphology and notes their similarities and differences, and raises theoretical issues to be addressed in progressing toward a unified practice of surface morphometry.  相似文献   

武汉城镇化与热岛效应的定量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢启姣  陈昆仑  金贵 《测绘科学》2017,42(9)

针对目前城市化进程加快对城市增温和城市热岛效应的促进作用尚不十分明确的问题,提出基于遥感技术的城镇化与热岛效应数量关系的构建。结果表明,1987-2013年间,武汉市中城镇化水平(50%~80%ISA)面积增加了14.5倍,高城镇化水平(80%~100%ISA)面积增加了2.8倍,城镇化范围沿着武汉市主城区和主要干道不断扩张;不透水面值与地表温度表现出明显正相关,不透水面值平均增加1%,可使地表温度增温0.06℃~0.19℃,城镇化水平对武汉城市热岛效应作用明显。研究结果为探讨城市热岛效应的缓解对策提供了基础,对合理规划和管理城市化意义重大。  相似文献   

A unified assessment of marine Mediterranean assemblages: a lesson from benthic hydroids          下载免费PDF全文

Manuel M. González‐Duarte  Cesar Megina  Doris De Vito  Cristina Goia Di Camillo  Stefania Puce  Stefano Piraino 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(1):155-163

Hydroids are important components of the communities of rocky bottom shallow coastal areas. The hydrozoan fauna of the Mediterranean Sea is probably one of most investigated in the world, with lots of faunistic and biogeographical studies. However, quantitative studies using the same sampling methodology and controlled sampling effort have been restricted to areas in the Western and Central Mediterranean. We compared hydroid assemblages in four areas of the Mediterranean Sea, from the Gulf of Cádiz to the South Adriatic Sea, following the same sampling and quantification methodology. Our analysis showed the dominant Atlantic character of the assemblages of the Gulf of Cádiz and the South Alboran Sea because of the influence of the inflowing Atlantic waters. Conversely, the hydroid assemblages of the North Alboran Sea were more similar to the assemblages in the Ligurian and in the South Adriatic, and with a number of species ranking between the observed in these two Mediterranean zones. Fourteen species were identified as making the most significant contributions to characterizing the Mediterranean hydroid species pool from a quantitative point of view. These taxa include species previously named as typical components of the Mediterranean hydroid fauna as well as those only recently recorded in the region (Eudendrium moulouyensis) and invaders such as Clytia hummelincki.  相似文献